Triple package: What really determines success Overview
The book "The triple package: What really determines success" takes a look at the supposedly determining factors of success which are named as a superiority complex, insecurity, and an ability for impulse control. Only when these three things occur together an individual or a group get an advantage for climbing the ladder of wealth. This is a short overview with links to some of the underlying papers of the book.
Overperformance of certain groups in the United States
The book starts out with observations about several minorities in the US and why they are overly successful compared to other ethnic groups. Here are some of the examples given:
Current and recent CFO and CEOs of several big companies like American Express, Black & Decker, Citigroup, Dell, Fisher Price, Deloitte, Jet-Blue, Marriot International Sears, Roebuck, Huntsman, Skullcandy, Sam's Club and Madison Square Garden are Mormons which points to this group being disproportionately successful when compared to other groups in America.(p.5)
Furthermore, the percentage of household incomes over 50.000$ a year was double amongst Cuban-born Americans compared to anglo-American in the 1990s.(p.6)
Indian Americans have the highest income of any census tracked ethnic group with almost twice of the US national average.(p.7)
A study from 2014 concludes that the American median household income was 99.500$ whilst amongst Jews it was 443.000$. (p.7)
Based on these and several other observations the authors of the book, Amy Chua and Jed Rubenfeld, move on to analyze what these groups may have in common and sets them apart from the general US population to explain how they are so much more successful. They identify three main pillars of success which all of these groups, according to them, have in common.
Superiority complex
The superiority complex is being defined in this book as a "deeply internalized belief in your group's specialness, exceptionality, and superiority"(p.8). The examples being discussed are that Mormons and jews instill this kind of feeling within their community based on religious beliefs as "the chosen people" while Cubans, Asians, afro-Americans and Indians seem to emphasize their superiority based on their capability to work harder as anglo-Americans according to the book.
This belief has the psychological effect to prime a member of the group to perform better at a certain task because of the belief of being superior (p.22) independently of it being related to sports or academic activities.
The tendency of groups to describe themselves as superior to other groups was called ethnocentrism by William Graham Summer and has been further underpinned by research during the years.(p.59)
Therefore the superiority complex is the first pillar of the triple package that is being attributed to success in this book.
Insecurity
For this observations insecurity is being defined as "an anxious uncertainty about your worth and place in society, a feeling about worry about you, what you have done and what you have is in some fundamental way not good enough."(p.9)
Alexis de Tocqueville, french diplomat, historian and political scientist, said about the early days of America that it is haunted by a secret restlessness. The insecurity which is derived from such a state can spur better outcomes for a person or a nation as it has been shown by studies that a feeling of being not good enough drives better results.(p.23)
Insecurity builds the second cornerstone of the triple package.
Impulse control
Impulse control is being defined as "the ability to resist the temptation to give up in the face of hardship or quit instead of persevering at a difficult task" (p.10).
The authors reference the marshmallow test which states that children who pass it usually get better grades, spend less time in prison, have fewer teenage pregnancies and get better jobs. (p.23) There Is further research from Roy Baumeister, Carol Dweck and Angela Duckworth to back this up even further.(p.23)
In the closing chapter, it is pointed out that impulse control might be the most important of the three factors which determine success (p.221).
The price of the triple package
While above average wealth seems to be the positive outcome of the triple package, the book also discusses the other side of the coin.
Some children which have been brought up with a triple package mentality feel like they are merely instrumentalised by their parents to full fill their dreams of upward movement in society (p.148). The constant feeling of being not good enough might lead to depression, although the book argues for and against it (American Asians seem to be an exception while individuals with a Jewish background seem more prone to it).
Conclusion
Overall this was an interesting read which has been boiled down a lot to make it more digestible for a broader readership. I personally like thick books and would not mind a deeper discussion of the evidence that Chua and Rubenfeld base their statements on and also understand why this might not have a place in a copy which is designed to make the bestseller list.
The approach is brave to start from minority groups and look at their overperformance in terms of wealth and then deduct what they might have in common and also what "Americans" might have lost on the way from their founding days until the present day to explain why other nations seem to be on the rise. It leaves the authors open for scrutiny and finger pointing in terms of whether it is a good or bad idea to discuss wealth in conjunction with ethnicities at all.
As a European and german I think it would have been even more interesting if this discussion would have been conducted less focused on the aspect of "Why is american wealth declining compared to more successful minorities within america" and more focused on "What can you more successful in any part of the world". In addition I think there is a danger of walking away from this book with the impression that a superiority complex is a good trait to have. German history is mentioned, but I still think that the negative outcomes of superiority complexes could have been discussed in more depth.
All in all a good read to remind you, that determination, grit and impulse control are the corner stones of success and that you should never rest on your laurels.
Link to the Triple package on Amazon